International Business - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Business - - Essay ExampleThis paper is a furrow report that explores the issue of complicating stakeholder responsibility for expanding companies. The paper explores expansion in terms of factors involved and how this exposes companies to increased population and different types of stakeholders. The paper also explores the linkage among stakeholders responsibility and the foreign direct investment.Expansion of business has become a normal concept today. The emergence of the multinational corporations and the internationalization of existing companies is viewed as an indication of growth. As businesses expand, the revenue is expected to increase and so is the reputation and the customer coverage (Branco & Rodrigues 2006). Further, such an internationalization also affects the responsibility of the business to the community and the people. This bureau that the more a company expands internationally, its stakeholder responsibility becomes more complex (Mel 2008). This can be viewed to happen for two main reasons. First, the stakeholders environment, socially and economically drastically transplant as the company secures a stakeholder base in the new country. Secondly, the number of people that the company or business has a responsibility towards increases and their demographic characteristics convince (Hooijberg & Schneider 2001). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) are the basic strategies that companies conduct their business in a way that is socially friendly, ethical and responsive to the community demand in development and safety. The companies are required to go an extra mile and put up measures to benefit the community that literary accommodate them (Winch 2004). Theories such as utilitarian, managerial and relational theories of CSR supported by works of other scholars in the area could be used to suggest that CSR becomes an international concern due to globalized spirit of business that knows no border. CSR

European Community Trade Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

European Community Trade Law - Essay ExampleThe Single Market envisaged by these principles has the product liability regime for defective products. An modify Member State should notify the Commission about the Member State which violates the directive for free movement of goods in the Single Market, as per decision 3052/95/EC 2 Following atomic number 18 articles of the treaty that the show window on hand attracts.2. Member States shall, by the end of the first stage at the latest, extirpate all quantitative restrictions on exports and any measures having equivalent effect which are in existence when this Treaty enters into force.The provisions of Articles 30 to 34 shall not foresee prohibitions or restrictions on imports, exports or goods in transit justified on grounds of public morality, public policy or public security the tribute of health and life of humans, animals or plants the protection of national treasures possessing artistic, historic or archaeological value or th e protection of industrial and commercial property. Such prohibitions or restrictions shall not, however, constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between Member States.3The consequence on hand is that the cheese product by name Dolcedella of Italian Recipe manufactured by other member States is not allowed to be marketed in Italy unless it bears the label in Italian Language that it complies with the ministerial decree no 2001 and it has the permission of Italian Ministry of Food Agriculture for being marketed in Italy. It prima facie appears not a discriminative provision, the Ministerial Decree No 2001 being applicable to Italy and other Member States alike. The Cheese being a delicate product needing proficient handling, it can only be marketed from licensed shops for the purpose in Italy though there are only 250 shops in Italy. The French producer of Dolcedella is advised to conform to with the Italian Ministrys Decree No 2001 in as much as it is not discriminatory between the member states including Italy. There are few case laws supporting the above advice which we shall see in detail as below.Case 8/74 Dassonville4Case 391/92 Hellenic Republic 5in the beginning discussing the above two cases, the following quote will enlighten us as to even the seemingly non-discriminatory measures would turn out to be discriminatory if deep gone into. In the instance case before us, there seem to be no discriminatory measure hidden behind the non-discriminatory provision requiring all(prenominal) one take authorisation from the Ministry concerned to market the subject cheese and the labelling requirement as applicable to every marketer.If it can be shown that certain conditions are imposed in relation to imports only, this would clearly constitute a directly applicable measure

Experience of Mosque Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Experience of Mosque - Assignment ExampleI visited the ICM on Friday and attended Jumuah prayer at 1.30 pm. Besides, I went through the prayer calendar to find emerge the exact time of Jumuah because my religious faith is diametric from Islam. Besides, this helped me to attend the congregational prayer that started at 2.00 pm. One can define that mosques are flooded by believers on Fridays. So, I parked my car at Lot ST8 and walked to the ICM.Entering the mosque, I noticed that most of the visitors are students. Besides, the only noticeable difference in dress is the cap or Taqiyah. But most of the visitors were not wearing Taqiyah. Besides, pants and t-shirt/shirt is the common dress among the visitors. So, one can see that at that place is no strict dress code implemented by the authorities because most of the believers are students. The mosques exterior is not so different from other buildings in the neighborhood. To be specific, the exterior does not represent the traditional mosques in the Middle East. Entering the mosque, I noticed that the main hall employ for prayer purpose is symbolic of modern construction because there are fewer symbols or images that signify Islamic architecture. But the only difference is that there is a separate facility for womenfolk to pray. Besides, the noticeable symbol of Islamic architecture inwardly ICM is the minaret type protrusion on the building. As the believers are aware of the rules within mosque premises, there are no strict rules to be followed at ICM. Besides, silence during prayer time, proper dressing, hijab (say, for womenfolk) are general rules.My conversation with an African American and an Indonesian student proves that they feel satisfied with the prayer services at the ICM. Still the conversation shed light into the differences between Islamic and Christian faiths. Renard (2011) states that, In fact, a Christian attending services on Sunday could

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 32

Philosophy - Essay ExampleAs the children learn parvenu concepts, their brain cells form synapses among themselves (Ghaye, 21). Gradually, these connections define the knowledge base of infants.As shown, learning can occur from a very early age regardless of the primer coat or social status. Therefore, such children should also be actively taught by their guardians. Good manners should be among the first things that children get to learn. Such excellent forms of cover can form cornerstone for the development of character and personality. Language is yet another aspect that can be learned and taught from infancy. Children learn to speak manage their parents or guardians. In many instances, children under five years of age show admirable ability to speak the entire language system (Ghaye, 32-35). However, commandment and learning ought to extend beyond the basics of language and articulation.Elementary schools are the first step towards proper teaching and learning. They imbibe ch ildren with valuable speaking and constitution skills. Each language has certain rules that govern its speakers. Language rules ensure uniformity and consistency. They also facilitate proper understanding and communication between regular speakers. The rudiment forms the fundamental part of language. Subsequent teaching and learning depends on the grasping of all language rules inclusive of the first rudiment. Other subjects such as mathematics flexible joint on the foundation laid by learning and teaching of language. Other languages have modified forms of the alphabet to guide their speakers. For instance, Chinese-speaking persons rely on characters instead of an alphabet (Jadrich and Bruxvoort, 56-59). In addition, other languages focus on phonetic sounds rather than individual letters.Teaching and learning ought to be a gradual and continuous process. This implies that teachers have to be careful not to impart too overmuch information. Learners too need to exercise restrain t so as not to attempt to grasp much more than they

Symbolic Debate in AI versus Connectionist - Competing or Complementar Essay

Symbolic Debate in AI versus Connectionist - Competing or Complementary - Essay ExampleIf the generate of human-oriented Artificial Intelligence is to develop common sense, an extreme example of the purely symbolic approach is to be seen in the Cyc project. Here, common-sense rules inferred from the everyday world are hard-coded into the clay such that it will be able to handle any type of situation. And it is in this extremely symbolic approach that the worst failures of that approach will credibly be seen forget one fact, and the system crashes, with nothing to lean back on.On the other hand, best-suited to the connectionist approach are models of the brain at the micro-level. The brain is, after all, a neural networkliterally. The problem here is that we get a working model, but with a very little description of what is actually going on inside, and the question begs to be asked (by connectionists, of course) why model it if it cannot be explained?The natural thought is that the re must be some way the two systems can co-operate. press an interesting problem, one that may seem far-fetched but which is good enough to serve as an example that of nonsense translation, as in English French German Suite, quoted in Gdel, Escher, Bach An Eternal Golden Braid (Douglas Hofstadter, 1979, page 366). Here, a translation into German by Robert Scott of Lewis Carrolls Jabberwocky is presented. The English stanzaTwas brillig, and the slithy toves tout ensemble mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths out trip upe.Gets translated into the German asEs Brillig war. Die schlichten TovenUnd aller-mmsige BurggovenDie Mhmen Rth ausgraben.Consider outgrabe how would one translate it into German? It turns out that out is aus in German, and grab sounds perfectly German add to that the common German -en suffix and one gets ausgraben. Similar principles apply to the translation of all the nonsense words here.

Social Science Journals and Impact Factor Essay Example for Free

Social Science Journals and Impact Factor EssayThere is a proper way to deal with journalists that commit misconducts in their inquiry publications in social sciences journals. Policies and procedures discombobulate been pose into place to assist in the proper handling of researchers when they behave unethic onlyy. Editors must protect the integrity of the journals and the research, when allegations of research misconduct arise. This poop pose a difficult task. Journals have had to rethink how to deal with such allegations and misconduct. Editors must also think about the potential level-headed liability if the innocent scientists reputation has become damaged (Resnik, Patrone, Peddada, 2010). Scientists need to remain credible and reputable, so accusations of unethical misconduct involved in their research can cause an uproar. The Committee on Publication Ethics, also know as COPE, issues an agreement that stated journals must develop misconduct policies, in 1999, and in 2 006, issued model procedures for handling with the misconduct in scientific journals. It is not yet a requirement, but a guidance of how situations should be handled when misconduct is brought to the attention of the editors of the publications.Research was through regarding the number of scientific journals had, in place, a policy detailing the use and reporting of unethical research practices. According to the article, A misconduct policy is defined as statements about the definition of misconduct or procedures for responding to misconduct (Resnik, Patrone, Peddada, 2010). For example, the policy described how to report allegations of misconduct (Resnik, Patrone, Peddada, 2010), and how to correct the scientific literature in result to misconduct (Resnik, Patrone, Peddada, 2010). The definitions of misconduct would not be limited to the U.S. Federal governments definition of misconduct fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism. Other types of misconduct must be recognized as well, such as animal abuse or misuse of human subjects. The research shows that less than half of the journals in the combined data set had stiff misconduct policies (Resnik, Patrone, Peddada, 2010), although it is recommended by COPE.It is thought that since editors have been made conscious of the misconduct in the scientific research, that to a greater extent misconduct policies would be in place by now. It is thought that maybe many journals have not developed these policies yet,because journal editors do not view misconduct as a common bother when they should. Many editors view the misconduct as a something that happens on a rare occasion and are not motivated to develop the policies that are inevitable to properly handle it. If this issue was properly handled, accusations could not be made, as long as proper protocols were in place and followed appropriately. These kinds of policies have more benefits and a sort of security, but when writing for journals that do not have t hem in place can be dangerous to the reputations of the researchers and the publishers. Less than half of the reported journals have policies in place, and it would be beneficial to the rest of them to follow suit.The people effected by the misconduct of unethical journals are the participants in the research, as well as the publication the journal is referenced in. If it became a requirement of the social science journals to have policies in place, less accusations would be made about the behavior of the editors and journalists. It is crucial to remain completely ethical and avoid tarnishing the reputation of the scientists and journalists involved in the publications. This will help aim the publications to remain full of integrity and regarded as exceedingly ethical. More support will come from journals that are deemed ethical, than those that are not, especially in the social science department. It is hopeful that in the near future more editors around the globe will obtain pol icies that require ethical research to be conducted in order for the research to become published.This would effect not altogether the reputations of the editors and journals, it would improve the reliability of the information that is provided in the research. It is the opinion of many in the field of social science research, that policies and procedures for handling unethical research practices are put in place, so that their years of hard work and dedication does not become undeniable. One accusation to a scientist could lead to many accusations of past and all future research. So if the guidelines were presently in place, this could be avoided. Until that happens, though, there will remain a certain percent of scientific research that is deemed unethical, and most seeming will not be published.ReferencesResnik, D. B., Patrone, D., Peddada, S. (2010). Research Misconduct Policies of Social Science Journals and Impact Factor. Accountability InResearch Policies Quality Assuranc e, 17(2), 79-84. doi10.1080/08989621003641181

Science Essay Essay Example for Free

acquaintance Essay EssayScience to me is everything that surrounds us. Its to discover information almost this world we live(a) in, piece of work this information, and use it however we testament a process that has started long, long ago, and ordain continue in generations to come. Everything in our world that we use somehow or in some manner was made by acquaintance. It started with discovering something new then study what it endure be cap qualified of. See where this new founded information can be fit into use. Science was used to create something new. In this day and age science has taken us to an entirely new place. From better batteries, to faster computers, to better gas mileage, in that respectfulness has just been a huge breakthrough in science. It is both chemistry and physics. In science of chemistry on that point is discovering elements and using these elements in chemical bonding. For physics, there be already discovered laws, and properties such(prenom inal) discoveries as gravity, motion, force, speed, velocity, acceleration, etc. Science even branches off as far as the universe and its discoveries. Whether the discovery is two hundred years old, 100 years old or present, its science nonetheless.Science is all around us, from the laptops we use to the cars we drive, something had to be discovered and study for us to able to use either. Maybe it was chemical combustion to get the energy from oil so our cars can move, or even some physics to help us understand how often energy we can save if we make something for aerodynamic. Science is to discover information about our natural world, and even about space, to help us understand our existence.Science has helped to meliorate the lives of people around the world. Today, science has improved human health and medicine to help people live longer, and help people live with diseases people had little hope of living with a few decades ago, such as AIDS. While our scientific advances cont inue, ethical questions arise about how science should advance, such as stem cell research.bloody shame Shelley, author of the novel Frankenstein, and Michael Bishop, who wrote the article Enemies of Promise, have different views about how scientific knowledge affects humanity. Mary Shelley was born the miss of feminist Mary Wollstonecraft and political theorist William Godwin. While on vacation with her husband, she began to write the novel Frankenstein, about a scientist who created life. The scientists name was Victor Frankenstein. In a selection from the novel, Frankenstein says The dissecting room and the slaughter-house furnished many of my materials and often did my human disposition turn withloathing from my occupation, whilst, still urged on by eagerness which perpetually increased, I brought my work near to a conclusion (232).Frankenstein is disgusted because he must go to a slaughter-house to get separate for his creation. Frankensteins disgust shows how horrible and demoralizing his scientific endeavors are, and he continues his experiment despite the negative affect his experiment has on his health. He realizes the study to which you apply yourself has a tendency to weaken your affections, and to destroy your relishing for those simple pleasure in which no alloy can possibly mix, then that study is certainly unlawful, that is to say, non befitting the human mind (233). Frankenstein worked so hard to give life to his creation he thought of nonhing else, and he was living his whole life to accomplish one goal. He realizes how much time he has been spending on his experiment and the effect his work is having on him, so he believes humans do not have the business leader to deal with work in this manner. Therefore, scientific experimentation is not worth the negative effects the experiments have on the human mind.Eventually, Frankenstein accomplishes his goal, but his creation does not turn out like he expected. After giving his creation life, Frankenstein is horrified and leaves his home. Frankenstein concludes Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dodgy is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to be majusculeer than his nature will allow (231). Frankenstein wanted to have the knowledge to create life, and when he final had the knowledge to create life, he did. After he created life, he was miserable. Therefore, humans cannot be God and create life because their nature will not allow them to be like God, and those who try to create life will be miserable, unlike those who do not seek spartan knowledge.Michael Bishop is a professor of microbiology at the University of California, San Francisco. In his article Enemies of Promise he warns about the misconceptions people may have about scientific advances. Bishop states science has sounded the terror about acid precipitate and its principal origins in a utomobile emissions, but our society has not found the political will top bridle the inbred combustion engine (239). Science has helped to improve the quality of life of people by discovering the cause of acid rain is from car emissions, and the reduction of acid rain could resultfrom better emission standards. Science is not to blame for helping to create the internal combustion engine, but the lack of government funding to aline other means to propel automobiles should be blamed. Bishop says Resistance to science is born of fear.Fear, in turn is bred by ignorance. And it is ignorance that is our deepest malady (241). People fear science because they do not understand how science works, and the purpose of science is to better humans, not to recombine desoxyribonucleic acid to create a deadly virus, or mutations. If people are educated, then they will have a better understanding of science, and will no longer fear science. Once all people understand science, and no longer fear sc ience, mankind can move towards new goals, and improve the lives of all people. When scientists perform experiments, the scientists are trying to solve the mystery of something they do not understand, such as stem cells.Bishop believes scientists take things apart in order to understand the whole, to solve the mystery an enterprise that we regard as one of the great ennobling tasks of humankind (238). Scientists experiment to better understand the world around them, and all the things in the world, as well as the relationships between different parts of the world. Scientists do not take things apart just because they can, but scientists have a purpose for their actions. The experiments to understand the world around us, Bishop believes to be a overlord task for mankind, and with scientific discoveries, our lives can be improved.Comparing the claims of both Mary Shelley and Michael Bishop, I find Bishops claims that science is good for mankind, to be more persuasive than Mary Shelle ys warning about the limitations of man and science. Bishop states Science has produced the vaccines required to control many childhood infections in the United States, but our nation has failed to deploy properly those vaccines (239). If mankind did not have the benefit of scientific knowledge, there would be no vaccine for illnesses such as small pox, or life threatening diseases. globe have the ability to produce large amounts of vaccines beneficial to children in our country and other countries around the world. Science cannot pay for, and distribute vaccines for diseases throughout the world, but science is blamed because people inour world still suffer from curable diseases. Also, Bishop states that resistance to science is born of fear, which is the result of ignorance.When the University of California, San Francisco wanted to perform biomedical research in a residential area, which they have not been allowed to do, Bishop noted that another agitated citizen declared on tele vision her outrage that those people are bringing deoxyribonucleic acid into my neighborhood (241). The person who stated that the University was bringing deoxyribonucleic acid into their neighborhood does not understand what DNA is. By making the statement about bringing DNA in their neighborhood, the person is opposing having DNA in her neighborhood compared to the Universitys encroachment into their neighborhood. If the person who made the statement were simply opposed to the possibility of increased concern in the neighborhood, then the person would have made that statement on television. The person made the statement about DNA instead, showing that they fear DNA because they do not want DNA in their neighborhood. Therefore, the opposition this person has to science stems from their misunderstanding of DNA. Bishop points out a possible reason for people not understanding science caused by a lack of education.Bishop states In a recent international testing, U.S. high school st udents finished ninth in physics among the top twelve nations, eleventh in chemistry, and dead last in biology (241). If science is not learned by pupils in school, then the pupils will not understand science. Judging from the international testing, students in our country do not have an understanding of science, and the lack of understanding will breed ignorance, and will result in fear and resistance. Therefore, some people fear science because they were not properly educated when they were students and they do not understand how science can improve mankind as a whole. Bishop states The price of science seems large, but to reject science is to deny the future (242).Although science may not ceaselessly give people one solid choice, and scientific endeavors may have ethical problems, we need to work out those ethical and moral dilemmas. Science will not go away, but will continue to explore the world around us. Science cannot be rejected because science will help to improve the qua lity of life, and rejecting science would result in the rejection of the improvement in quality of life. Other tell Bishop should have examined was the overall decrease in respect for institutions by the public.Alan H. McGowan is a program director for the Public Understanding of Science and Technology, as well as the Directorate for Education and Human Resources at American standoff for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). McGowan states although there seems to have been a decrease in the respect the public has for scientists, this is part of a general trend of decreasing arrogance in institutions of all kinds. While Bishop has stated that people have been attacking science, Bishop does not compare how much science is being attacked compared to other institutions, such as the press. If all other institutions are being attacked more fervently than science, then science is not in as bad a shape as Bishop believes science to be.Therefore, unless science is being attacked as much as ev ery other institution, science is still be viewed by the public with more respect compared to the other institutions. While Mary Shelleys Frankenstein show the problems with mans thirst for knowledge, Michael Bishop puts science in a positive light, showing how science has help mankind. I believe Bishops claims about science to be more persuasive, and the positive effects of science to be well worth the effort of scientists. Although Bishops claims could have been improved with some more evidence about the publics view of science, science will continue to improve our lives.